Spanish II - Past Subjunctive and Sequence of Tenses - Quick Guides | World Languages

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Study GuideSpanish II–Past Subjunctive and Sequence of Tenses1. Forming the Past Subjunctive: Verb Rules1.1What Is the Past Subjunctive?Sometimes, you need to use the subjunctive mood in a sentence that talks about thepast.This is called thepast subjunctive.Even though some textbooks call it theimperfect subjunctive, don’t worry about the name. Theimportant thing to remember is this:The past subjunctive is formed using thepreterite tense.Before learning how to use it in sentences, you must first learnhow to form it correctly.1.2 One Rule for All VerbsThe good news is thatall verbs follow the same ruleswhen forming the past subjunctive.•There areno irregular endingsin the past subjunctive.•The only challenge is finding thecorrect verb stem.To do this, always start with thethird person plural (ellos/ellas/ustedes) form of the preteritetense.1.3 Finding the Verb StemHere’s the key rule:1.Take theellos formof the preterite.2.Remove-ron.3.What remains is yourpast subjunctive stem.Every ellos preterite form ends in-ron, so this rule always works.

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Study Guide1.4 Adding the Past Subjunctive Endings (-ra Forms)Once you have the stem, add the endings below.Important note:Thenosotros/nosotrasform always has anaccent markon the vowel right before the ending.1.5 Example with an Irregular Preterite:TenerTeneris a great example because its preterite form looks very different from the infinitive.Steps:•Preterite ellos form:tuvieron•Remove-ron→tuvie-•Add past subjunctive endings

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Study Guide1.6 Example with a Regular Verb:HablarNow let’s look at a regular verb.Steps:•Preterite ellos form:hablaron•Remove-ron→habla-•Add past subjunctive endings1.7 The Second Set of Endings (-se Forms)Spanish also hasanother set of past subjunctive endings.These are usedless often, but they are still correct and important to recognize.

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Study GuideThese endings:•Replace-rawith-se•Replace-ramoswith-semos•Replace-raiswith-seis•Replace-ranwith-senThe verb stem is formed thesame way(using the ellos preterite form).1.8 Example UsingTenerwith–se Endings

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Study Guide1.9 Example UsingHablarwith–se Endings•Preterite ellos form:hablaron•Remove-ron→habla-•Add–se endingsSummaryThe preteritetense hasmany irregular forms, so it’s very important to review it carefully—especiallytheellos/ellas form.If you know theellos preterite form, you can always form thepast subjunctive correctly.2. Sequence of Tenses2.1What Does “Sequence of Tenses” Mean?Once you knowhow to form the past subjunctive, the next step is learningwhen to use it.This is where thesequence of tensescomes in.The sequence of tenses explainswhich subjunctive tense to use—present or past—based on thetense of the verbbeforethe wordque.

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